When is a journalist allowed to report on Jewish matters, and when does it become forbidden lashon hara or even worse, mesirah?

Journalism is halachically perilous; most journalists are considered wicked due to consistent *lashon hara*, *rechilut*, and privacy breaches that destroy lives. Righteous practice is near impossible. It's only permitted, even a *mitzvah*, when specifically warning the public about genuine dangers (e.g., criminals, heretics, public sinners), requiring clear explanations. *Mesirah* is generally worse but allowed for severe public sin with rabbinic consultation and evidence. Unless warning of true danger with profound halachic knowledge, journalism on Jewish matters is forbidden speech.