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Explain the concept of Teshuva

Asked on June 30, 2026

Answer

Teshuva means to return - to return to HaKadosh Baruch Hu, to your Father in Heaven. It's not just keeping a few mitzvot here and there. Teshuva is a complete lifestyle change, a mindset change, an ideology change. Let me be very clear: Teshuva requires four critical steps that ALL must be completed. First, you must stop sinning completely. If you're still violating Shabbat, if you're still wasting seed, if you still have a girlfriend or boyfriend that's not kosher, you haven't even begun teshuva yet. Stop means STOP. Second, you make a fence around yourself to protect you from those past sins. If certain places, certain people, certain situations led you to sin before, you cut them out completely. No excuses. Third, you must genuinely regret the sins you made - not just say the words, but truly feel bad that you went against Hashem. Fourth, you must commit with all your heart never to return to those sins again, and you pray to Hashem asking Him to accept your teshuva because you're sincere. Teshuva is not rational according to human logic. It's pure mercy from Hashem. Imagine someone steals a hundred million dollars, gets caught, and the judge says "do you feel bad?" The person says yes, and the judge responds "okay, keep the money, just don't do it again." That's teshuva - it makes no sense whatsoever, but it shows you the incredible mercy of HaKadosh Baruch Hu. The Rambam teaches us something extraordinary: Before teshuva, a person who was sinning was considered by Hashem as hated, disgusting, far removed, an abomination. But after genuine teshuva, that same person becomes beloved, desirable, close and dear to Hashem. You can literally stand right next to Hashem as if you were a tzaddik your whole life - but only if it's complete, genuine teshuva, not half measures. There are different levels of teshuva. Most people do teshuva from yirah - from fear of punishment, fear of Gehinom, fear of suffering. This teshuva is still very great, and it turns your intentional sins into accidental ones, which drastically lowers the punishment. But there's a higher level - teshuva me'ahava, teshuva from pure love of Hashem. This is extremely rare and difficult, but it actually turns your sins into mitzvot. This level requires that you've eliminated your own desires completely and made Hashem's will into your will. Teshuva is not a one-time event - it's a daily mitzvah for every single Jew. It doesn't matter if you were born religious, if you're a rabbi, if you've been keeping mitzvot for fifty years. Every person must do teshuva every single day for something. Anyone who thinks they're excluded from teshuva because they're "good enough" is living a dangerous illusion.